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Some anticipations of the treatise are found in Mercure de France: The Préface came out in the issue of October 1745, while in that of November 1745 came out the Introduction, the main section of the first part of the book - Des principaux avantages que les Comédiens doivent tenir de la Nature - and the two chapters listed as the third chapter of the first volume and second chapter of the second volume. Finally, in the November 1747 issue, the publication of the work was announced, with the note that the parts published in the previous two years had been extensively revised.
The work is a fundamental step in the history of the treatises on acting, not only because it proclaimed the definitive abandoning of rules of the actio oratoria but also because it is the first work entirely dedicated to the systematic discussion of actors and acting.

LATER EDITIONS:
Second edition: Le Comédien. Ouvrage divisé en deux parties. Par M. Rémond de Sainte Albine. Nouvelle édition, Augmentée et corrigée, Paris, Vincent Fils, 1749, in-8, 331 pp. 
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Besides inserting the corrections listed in the errata corrige of the first edition, the second edition contains an Avertissement de l'Auteur sur cette seconde Édition and three additional chapters - XIX, XX, XXI – at the end of the second part. There are also various changes to the Conclusion in chapter XXII.
Various copies, probably ones that were originally unsold and were re-circulated by the publisher, contain the text of the first edition but have "second edition" printed on the title page. This favored the false belief that the second edition did not introduce any changes. One of these copies is the Slatkine anastatic edition (Genève, 1971).
The text of the second edition was republished in 1825 in Mémoires de Molé (see).

RECENT EDITIONS: 
Anastatic reprint of a copy containing the 1747 text, but "second edition" printed on the title page: Genève, Statkine Reprints, 1971.

Text of the  first edition published in: Sabine Chaouche (ed. by), Sept traités sur le jeu du comédien et autres textes. De l'action oratoire à l'art dramatique (1675-1750), Paris, Honoré Champion, 2001. 

Text of the  second edition published in: Diderot et le théâtre. II Les Acteurs, edited by Alain Menil, Paris, Pocket, 1995 and 2003.

CIRCULATION AND TRANSLATIONS:
The ideas of the treatise were one of the main references in the discussion on acting in France, England and Germany in the second half of the seventeenth century.
The second edition of Le Comédien was the basis for the English version of the treatise, The Actor. A Treatise on the Art of Playing (see) published anonymously in 1750 and attributed to John Hill. The work follows closely the French original, with however a number of variants and additions. The English text was revised in the 1755 edition, also anonymous and presented as "A New Work".
In the French-speaking area, Jean-Nicolas Servandoni, known with the pseudonym of D'Hannetaire, presented his Observations sur l'Art du Comédien (see) in 1764, a summary of the text by Rémond de Sainte-Albine to which he added in the Notes ou Observations pour servir de Supplément aux différens articles de l'Abrégé précédent, a comment on its ideas, with the addition of many examples and anecdotes.
From the English version of 1755 comes yet another French version revised by Michele Sticotti, Garrick ou les Acteurs Anglais (1769) (see), against which Diderot was to write his "Sur une brochure intitulée Garrick ou les Acteurs Anglois", published in Correspondance littéraire of October 15 and November 1, 1770 (see).
In Germany, Lessing wrote a translation of Le Comédien, but he did not publish it. He explained the reasons for his decision in the first volume of the  Theatralische Bibliothek of 1754, and limited himself to a summary of the work ("Auszug aus dem Schauspieler des Herrn Remond von Sainte-Albine"), with some critical observations (see). Lessing's ideas were taken up by Engel, in his Ideen zu einer Mimik of the 1785-86 (see).
The German translation of Le Comédien, edited by Friedrich Justin Bertuch and entitled Der Schauspieler. Ein dogmatisches Werk für das Theater. Aus d. Franz. des Herrn Remond de Sainte Albine, was published in 1772 (see).
The Italian translation, based on the second edition of Le Comédien, was published in 2012: «L'Attore. Traduzione, introduzione e note di E. G. Carlotti», Acting Archives Review, II, no. 04 (November, 2012), 251-380 (see).